Diabetes Care
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Klein, R.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Klein, R.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?

Diabetes Care, Vol 18, Issue 2 258-268, Copyright © 1995 by American Diabetes Association

ARTICLES

Hyperglycemia and microvascular and macrovascular disease in diabetes

R Klein
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, USA.

In summary, over the past 16 years, since the publication of Kelly West's book, epidemiological study has provided better insight into the relation of hyperglycemia and diabetic complications. Data from the WESDR demonstrate a strong consistent relationship between hyperglycemia and the incidence and progression of microvascular (diabetic retinopathy, loss of vision, and nephropathy) and macrovascular (amputation and cardiovascular disease mortality) complications in people with IDDM and NIDDM (Figs. 19 and 20). The DCCT has demonstrated that intensive insulin therapy will reduce the incidence and progression of microvascular complications in people with IDDM (22). A number of further challenges await laboratory scientists and epidemiologists regarding hyperglycemia in people with diabetes. There is a need to understand the relation of hyperglycemia to pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to the development of specific complications, to develop new methods to detect and physiologically treat hyperglycemia, and to develop better methods of primary and secondary prevention of diabetic complications in people with IDDM and NIDDM.
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
V. A. Fonseca, J. Rosenstock, A. C. Wang, K. E. Truitt, and M. R. Jones
Colesevelam HCl Improves Glycemic Control and Reduces LDL Cholesterol in Patients With Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes on Sulfonylurea-Based Therapy
Diabetes Care, August 1, 2008; 31(8): 1479 - 1484.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
J. M. Lee
Why Young Adults Hold the Key to Assessing the Obesity Epidemic in Children
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, July 1, 2008; 162(7): 682 - 687.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
B. V. Howard, M. J. Roman, R. B. Devereux, J. L. Fleg, J. M. Galloway, J. A. Henderson, Wm. J. Howard, E. T. Lee, M. Mete, B. Poolaw, et al.
Effect of Lower Targets for Blood Pressure and LDL Cholesterol on Atherosclerosis in Diabetes: The SANDS Randomized Trial
JAMA, April 9, 2008; 299(14): 1678 - 1689.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
A. Juutilainen, S. Lehto, T. Ronnemaa, K. Pyorala, and M. Laakso
Similarity of the Impact of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes on Cardiovascular Mortality in Middle-Aged Subjects
Diabetes Care, April 1, 2008; 31(4): 714 - 719.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
R. P. Stolk, M. J. van Schooneveld, J. K. Cruickshank, A. D. Hughes, A. Stanton, J. Lu, A. Patel, S. A. McG. Thom, D. E. Grobbee, J. R. Vingerling, et al.
Retinal Vascular Lesions in Patients of Caucasian and Asian Origin With Type 2 Diabetes: Baseline results from the ADVANCE Retinal Measurements (AdRem) study
Diabetes Care, April 1, 2008; 31(4): 708 - 713.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
L. Monnier and C. Colette
Glycemic Variability: Should we and can we prevent it?
Diabetes Care, February 1, 2008; 31(Supplement_2): S150 - S154.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
American Diabetes Association
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes--2008
Diabetes Care, January 1, 2008; 31(Supplement_1): S12 - S54.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
A. Shankar, R. Klein, B. E. K. Klein, and S. E. Moss
Association between Glycosylated Hemoglobin Level and Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes
Am. J. Epidemiol., August 15, 2007; 166(4): 393 - 402.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
M. F. Chowdhry, H. A. Vohra, and M. Galinanes
Diabetes increases apoptosis and necrosis in both ischemic and nonischemic human myocardium: Role of caspases and poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., July 1, 2007; 134(1): 124 - 131.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular DiseaseHome page
I. W Campbell
The role of metformin and pioglitazone in early combination treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, September 1, 2006; 6(5): 207 - 215.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
R. Klein and B. E. K. Klein
The Epidemiology of Eye Disease: From Glycemia to Genetics The Friedenwald Lecture
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., May 1, 2006; 47(5): 1747 - 1753.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
L. Monnier, E. Mas, C. Ginet, F. Michel, L. Villon, J.-P. Cristol, and C. Colette
Activation of Oxidative Stress by Acute Glucose Fluctuations Compared With Sustained Chronic Hyperglycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
JAMA, April 12, 2006; 295(14): 1681 - 1687.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Health PsycholHome page
L. Steed, J. Lankester, M. Barnard, K. Earle, S. Hurel, and S. Newman
Evaluation of the UCL Diabetes Self-management Programme (UCL-DSMP): A Randomized Controlled Trial
J Health Psychol, March 1, 2005; 10(2): 261 - 276.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
A. Juutilainen, S. Kortelainen, S. Lehto, T. Ronnemaa, K. Pyorala, and M. Laakso
Gender Difference in the Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on Coronary Heart Disease Risk
Diabetes Care, December 1, 2004; 27(12): 2898 - 2904.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
M. M. Engelgau, L. S. Geiss, D. Murphy, K M. Venkat Narayan, and F. Vinicor
Translating "Tight Control"?
Ann Intern Med, November 16, 2004; 141(10): 822 - 823.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Psychiatr. Serv.Home page
L. B. Dixon, J. A. Kreyenbuhl, F. B. Dickerson, T. W. Donner, C. H. Brown, K. Wolheiter, L. Postrado, R. W. Goldberg, L. Fang, C. Marano, et al.
A Comparison of Type 2 Diabetes Outcomes Among Persons With and Without Severe Mental Illnesses
Psychiatr Serv, August 1, 2004; 55(8): 892 - 900.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journal of Pharmacy PracticeHome page
G. Vincze and A. Parthan
The Value of Home Monitoring Kits in Diabetes, Hypertension, Asthma, and Oral Anticoagulation Therapy
Journal of Pharmacy Practice, June 1, 2004; 17(3): 182 - 196.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
M. M. Engelgau, L. S. Geiss, J. B. Saaddine, J. P. Boyle, S. M. Benjamin, E. W. Gregg, E. F. Tierney, N. Rios-Burrows, A. H. Mokdad, E. S. Ford, et al.
The Evolving Diabetes Burden in the United States
Ann Intern Med, June 1, 2004; 140(11): 945 - 950.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
E. Barrett-Connor, E.-G. V. Giardina, A. K. Gitt, U. Gudat, H. O. Steinberg, and D. Tschoepe
Women and Heart Disease: The Role of Diabetes and Hyperglycemia
Arch Intern Med, May 10, 2004; 164(9): 934 - 942.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Fam PractHome page
O. Parry, E. Peel, M. Douglas, and J. Lawton
Patients in waiting: a qualitative study of type 2 diabetes patients' perceptions of diagnosis
Fam. Pract., April 1, 2004; 21(2): 131 - 136.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
I. M. El-Kebbi, D. C. Ziemer, C. B. Cook, D. L. Gallina, C. S. Barnes, and L. S. Phillips
Utility of Casual Postprandial Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Management
Diabetes Care, February 1, 2004; 27(2): 335 - 339.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
S. S. Soedamah-Muthu, N. Chaturvedi, M. Toeller, B. Ferriss, P. Reboldi, G. Michel, C. Manes, and J. H. Fuller
Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease in Type 1 Diabetic Patients in Europe: The EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study
Diabetes Care, February 1, 2004; 27(2): 530 - 537.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
S. H. Saydah, J. Fradkin, and C. C. Cowie
Poor Control of Risk Factors for Vascular Disease Among Adults With Previously Diagnosed Diabetes
JAMA, January 21, 2004; 291(3): 335 - 342.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular DiseaseHome page
R. Gadsby
Review: Diabetic dyslipidaemia -- the case for using statins
The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, November 1, 2003; 3(6): 402 - 407.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
M.-S. Wong, K. Gu, D. Heng, S.-K. Chew, L.-S. Chew, and E. S. Tai
The Singapore Impaired Glucose Tolerance Follow-Up Study: Does the ticking clock go backward as well as forward?
Diabetes Care, November 1, 2003; 26(11): 3024 - 3030.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
A. Loimaala, H. V. Huikuri, T. Koobi, M. Rinne, A. Nenonen, and I. Vuori
Exercise Training Improves Baroreflex Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes, July 1, 2003; 52(7): 1837 - 1842.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
L. Li, T. Sawamura, and G. Renier
Glucose Enhances Endothelial LOX-1 Expression: Role for LOX-1 in Glucose-Induced Human Monocyte Adhesion to Endothelium
Diabetes, July 1, 2003; 52(7): 1843 - 1850.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Asian Cardiovasc. Thorac. Ann.Home page
A. Patel, J. Chalmers, V. Chaturvedi, R. Currie, H. Monaghan, and B. Neal
Diabetes and Vascular Disease: a New International Trial
Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, June 1, 2003; 11(2): 180 - 184.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
M. R. Carnethon, S. H. Golden, A. R. Folsom, W. Haskell, and D. Liao
Prospective Investigation of Autonomic Nervous System Function and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study, 1987-1998
Circulation, May 6, 2003; 107(17): 2190 - 2195.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
T. J. Orchard, J. C. Olson, J. R. Erbey, K. Williams, K. Y.-Z. Forrest, L. Smithline Kinder, D. Ellis, and D. J. Becker
Insulin Resistance-Related Factors, but not Glycemia, Predict Coronary Artery Disease in Type 1 Diabetes: 10-year follow-up data from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study
Diabetes Care, May 1, 2003; 26(5): 1374 - 1379.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
D. E. Bonds, D. J. Zaccaro, A. J. Karter, J. V. Selby, M. Saad, and D. C. Goff Jr
Ethnic and Racial Differences in Diabetes Care: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study
Diabetes Care, April 1, 2003; 26(4): 1040 - 1046.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
I. M. El-Kebbi, C. B. Cook, D. C. Ziemer, C. D. Miller, D. L. Gallina, and L. S. Phillips
Association of Younger Age With Poor Glycemic Control and Obesity in Urban African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes
Arch Intern Med, January 13, 2003; 163(1): 69 - 75.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
J. Krakoff, R. S. Lindsay, H. C. Looker, R. G. Nelson, R. L. Hanson, and W. C. Knowler
Incidence of Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Youth-Onset Compared With Adult-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, January 1, 2003; 26(1): 76 - 81.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Care, January 1, 2003; 26(90001): s5 - 20.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
Z. T. Bloomgarden
European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) 2001 Meeting
Diabetes Care, July 1, 2002; 25(7): 1229 - 1236.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
V. Kothari, R. J. Stevens, A. I. Adler, I. M. Stratton, S. E. Manley, H. A. Neil, and R. R. Holman
UKPDS 60: Risk of Stroke in Type 2 Diabetes Estimated by the UK Prospective Diabetes Study Risk Engine
Stroke, July 1, 2002; 33(7): 1776 - 1781.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
B. V. Howard, B. L. Rodriguez, P. H. Bennett, M. I. Harris, R. Hamman, L. H. Kuller, T. A. Pearson, and J. Wylie-Rosett
Prevention Conference VI: Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Writing Group I: Epidemiology
Circulation, May 7, 2002; 105 (18): e132 - e137.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
A. I. Adler, R. J. Stevens, A. Neil, I. M. Stratton, A. J. M. Boulton, and R. R. Holman
UKPDS 59: Hyperglycemia and Other Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors for Peripheral Vascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, May 1, 2002; 25(5): 894 - 899.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes Spectr.Home page
A. E. Kitabchi
Acute Care of Patients With Diabetes: Preface
Diabetes Spectr, January 1, 2002; 15(1): 17 - 18.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
J. I. Osende, J. J. Badimon, V. Fuster, P. Herson, P. Rabito, R. Vidhun, A. Zaman, O. J. Rodriguez, E. I. Lev, U. Rauch, et al.
Blood thrombogenicity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is associated with glycemic control
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 2001; 38(5): 1307 - 1312.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
A. Gokcel, H. Karakose, E. M. Ertorer, N. Tanaci, N. B. Tutuncu, and N. Guvener
Effects of Sibutramine in Obese Female Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Poor Blood Glucose Control
Diabetes Care, November 1, 2001; 24(11): 1957 - 1960.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br Med BullHome page
A. D Timmis
Diabetes: Relationship to ischaemic heart disease
Br. Med. Bull., October 1, 2001; 59(1): 159 - 172.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
B. B. Fleming, S. Greenfield, M. M. Engelgau, L. M. Pogach, S. B. Clauser, and M. A. Parrott
The Diabetes Quality Improvement Project: Moving science into health policy to gain an edge on the diabetes epidemic
Diabetes Care, October 1, 2001; 24(10): 1815 - 1820.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 The Diabetes EducatorHome page
R. K. Campbell, J. R. White, and D. Nomura
The Clinical Importance of Postprandial Hyperglycemia
The Diabetes Educator, September 1, 2001; 27(5): 624 - 637.
[PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
P. Raskin, M. Rendell, M. C. Riddle, J. F. Dole, M. I. Freed, and J. Rosenstock
A Randomized Trial of Rosiglitazone Therapy in Patients With Inadequately Controlled Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, July 1, 2001; 24(7): 1226 - 1232.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Chem.Home page
U. Krishnamurti and M. W. Steffes
Glycohemoglobin: A Primary Predictor of the Development or Reversal of Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Clin. Chem., July 1, 2001; 47(7): 1157 - 1165.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
F. de Vegt, J. M. Dekker, A. Jager, E. Hienkens, P. J. Kostense, C. D. A. Stehouwer, G. Nijpels, L. M. Bouter, and R. J. Heine
Relation of Impaired Fasting and Postload Glucose With Incident Type 2 Diabetes in a Dutch Population: The Hoorn Study
JAMA, April 25, 2001; 285(16): 2109 - 2113.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. DiabetesHome page
Y. Ousman and M. Sharma
The Irrefutable Importance of Glycemic Control
Clin. Diabetes, April 1, 2001; 19(2): 71 - 72.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
L. M. Lasater, A. J. Davidson, J. F. Steiner, and P. S. Mehler
Glycemic Control in English- vs Spanish-Speaking Hispanic Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Arch Intern Med, January 8, 2001; 161(1): 77 - 82.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Heart JHome page
R.S. Elkeles
Blood glucose and coronary heart disease
Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2000; 21(21): 1735 - 1737.
[PDF]

Home page
 BMJHome page
I. M Stratton, A. I Adler, H A. W Neil, D. R Matthews, S. E Manley, C. A Cull, D. Hadden, R. C Turner, and R. R Holman
Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study
BMJ, August 12, 2000; 321(7258): 405 - 412.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 BMJHome page
A. I Adler, I. M Stratton, H A. W Neil, J. S Yudkin, D. R Matthews, C. A Cull, A. D Wright, R. C Turner, and R. R Holman
Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospective observational study
BMJ, August 12, 2000; 321(7258): 412 - 419.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
S. M. Haffner, L. Mykkanen, A. Festa, J. P. Burke, and M. P. Stern
Insulin-Resistant Prediabetic Subjects Have More Atherogenic Risk Factors Than Insulin-Sensitive Prediabetic Subjects : Implications for Preventing Coronary Heart Disease During the Prediabetic State
Circulation, March 7, 2000; 101(9): 975 - 980.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
R. A. DeFronzo
Pharmacologic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Ann Intern Med, August 17, 1999; 131(4): 281 - 303.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
K. Malmberg, A. Norhammar, H. Wedel, and L. Ryden
Glycometabolic State at Admission: Important Risk Marker of Mortality in Conventionally Treated Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Acute Myocardial Infarction : Long-Term Results From the Diabetes and Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) Study
Circulation, May 25, 1999; 99(20): 2626 - 2632.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
C. M. Clark Jr.
The National Diabetes Education Program: Changing the Way Diabetes Is Treated
Ann Intern Med, February 16, 1999; 130(4_Part_1): 324 - 326.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
M. Laakso
Benefits of Strict Glucose and Blood Pressure Control in Type 2 Diabetes : Lessons From the UK Prospective Diabetes Study
Circulation, February 2, 1999; 99(4): 461 - 462.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
M. Wei, L. W. Gibbons, T. L. Mitchell, J. B. Kampert, C. D. Lee, and S. N. Blair
The Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Men
Ann Intern Med, January 19, 1999; 130(2): 89 - 96.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
R. B. Goldberg, M. J. Mellies, F. M. Sacks, L. A. Moye, B. V. Howard, W. J. Howard, B. R. Davis, T. G. Cole, M. A. Pfeffer, and E. Braunwald
Cardiovascular Events and Their Reduction With Pravastatin in Diabetic and Glucose-Intolerant Myocardial Infarction Survivors With Average Cholesterol Levels : Subgroup Analyses in the Cholesterol And Recurrent Events (CARE) Trial
Circulation, December 8, 1998; 98(23): 2513 - 2519.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page