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Diabetes Care, Vol 19, Issue 10 1097-1102, Copyright © 1996 by American Diabetes Association
Depression and risk for onset of type II diabetes. A prospective population-based study
WW Eaton, H Armenian, J Gallo, L Pratt and DE Ford
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-1999, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether depression is associated with an increased
risk for onset of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In 1981, a total
of 3,481 household-residing adults participated in the Epidemiologic
Catchment Area (ECA) Program survey at the East Baltimore site. A follow-up
of that cohort after 13 years completed 1,897 interviews, amounting to >
72% of survivors. In 1981, depression was assessed with the National
Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) Diagnostic Interview Schedule and
diabetes, by self-report. This prospective analysis focused on subjects at
risk for onset of diabetes by removing from the analysis individuals with
diabetes in 1981. RESULTS: There were 89 new cases of diabetes among 1,715
individuals at risk, yielding a 13-year cumulative incidence of diabetes of
5.2%. In logistic models, major depressive disorder, but not milder forms
of depression or other forms of psychiatric disorder, predicted the onset
of diabetes (estimated relative risk, 2.23; 95% CI 0.90-5.55). Controlling
for age, race, sex, socioeconomic status, education, use of health
services, other psychiatric disorders, and body weight did not weaken the
relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Major depressive disorder signals increased risk
for onset of type II diabetes. Limitations of the findings arise from the
difficulty in determining temporal order with two chronic conditions, even
when the temporal order of measurement is clear. In addition, even though
control variables were introduced for the use of health services, it is
possible that the treatment for depression led to an earlier diagnosis of
diabetes in this sample.

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[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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[Abstract]
[PDF]
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Comorbid Depression is Associated With Increased Health Care Use and Expenditures in Individuals With Diabetes
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[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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358 - 363.
[Abstract]
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Copyright © 1996 by the American Diabetes Association.
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