Diabetes Care, Vol 19, Issue 11 1229-1232, Copyright © 1996 by American Diabetes Association

ARTICLES

Smoking is independently associated with high plasma insulin levels in nondiabetic men

T Ronnemaa, EM Ronnemaa, P Puukka, K Pyorala and M Laakso
Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.

OBJECTIVE: Studies using the euglycemic clamp technique or the insulin suppression test in relatively small numbers of subjects have suggested that smoking may cause insulin resistance. Our aim was to study the association between smoking status and fasting plasma insulin in a large nondiabetic male population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 616 nondiabetic men aged 45-64 years were taken from a population register. Fasting plasma insulin and blood pressure were measured, and smoking history and medication were evaluated by interview. RESULTS: Age- and BMI-adjusted insulin levels were significantly higher in smokers and ex-smokers than in nonsmokers (92.4, 86.4, and 78.6 pmol/l, respectively; P = 0.009). In every BMI-tertile, smokers and ex-smokers had higher plasma insulin than nonsmokers. After adjustment for factors potentially affecting insulin sensitivity (hypertension, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, use of beta-blockers and/or diuretics, use of vasodilating antihypertensive drugs, physical exercise, alcohol use, parental history of NIDDM, coronary heart disease, and previous myocardial infarction), insulin concentrations were still highest in smokers (91.2 pmol/l), intermediate in ex-smokers (86.8 pmol/l), and lowest in nonsmokers (78.9 pmol/l, P = 0.008 between groups). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that chronic smoking is associated with high age- and BMI-adjusted plasma insulin levels, independent of other factors known to influence insulin sensitivity. The effect of smoking may be partially reversible after quitting.
CiteULike    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. Chiolero, D. Faeh, F. Paccaud, and J. Cornuz Consequences of smoking for body weight, body fat distribution, and insulin resistance Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2008; 87(4): 801 - 809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. A. Bazzano, M. Serdula, and S. Liu Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes by Diet and Lifestyle Modification J. Am. Coll. Nutr., October 1, 2005; 24(5): 310 - 319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Weitzman, S. Cook, P. Auinger, T. A. Florin, S. Daniels, M. Nguyen, and J. P. Winickoff Tobacco Smoke Exposure Is Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents Circulation, August 9, 2005; 112(6): 862 - 869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. W. Oh, Y. S. Yoon, E. S. Lee, W. K. Kim, C. Park, S. Lee, E.-K. Jeong, and T. Yoo Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Metabolic Syndrome: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Diabetes Care, August 1, 2005; 28(8): 2064 - 2066. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. E. Laaksonen, L. Niskanen, K. Punnonen, K. Nyyssonen, T.-P. Tuomainen, V.-P. Valkonen, and J. T. Salonen The Metabolic Syndrome and Smoking in Relation to Hypogonadism in Middle-Aged Men: A Prospective Cohort Study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2005; 90(2): 712 - 719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. J. England, R. J. Levine, C. Qian, L. M. Soule, E. F. Schisterman, K. F. Yu, and P. M. Catalano Glucose Tolerance and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Nulliparous Women Who Smoke during Pregnancy Am. J. Epidemiol., December 15, 2004; 160(12): 1205 - 1213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Katon, M. Von Korff, P. Ciechanowski, J. Russo, E. Lin, G. Simon, E. Ludman, E. Walker, T. Bush, and B. Young Behavioral and Clinical Factors Associated With Depression Among Individuals With Diabetes Diabetes Care, April 1, 2004; 27(4): 914 - 920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. R. Carnethon, S. P. Fortmann, L. Palaniappan, B. B. Duncan, M. I. Schmidt, and L. E. Chambless Risk Factors for Progression to Incident Hyperinsulinemia: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, 1987-1998 Am. J. Epidemiol., December 1, 2003; 158(11): 1058 - 1067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Reaven and P. S. Tsao Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia: The key player between cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 19, 2003; 41(6): 1044 - 1047. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E. Gunton, L. Davies, E. Wilmshurst, G. Fulcher, and A. McElduff Cigarette Smoking Affects Glycemic Control in Diabetes Diabetes Care, April 1, 2002; 25(4): 796 - 797. [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. A Sargeant, K.-T. Khaw, S. Bingham, N. E Day, R. N Luben, S. Oakes, A. Welch, and N. J Wareham Cigarette smoking and glycaemia: the EPIC-Norfolk Study Int. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2001; 30(3): 547 - 554. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Nakanishi, K. Nakamura, Y. Matsuo, K. Suzuki, and K. Tatara Cigarette Smoking and Risk for Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Japanese Men Ann Intern Med, August 1, 2000; 133(3): 183 - 191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Targher, M. Alberiche, M. B. Zenere, R. C. Bonadonna, M. Muggeo, and E. Bonora Cigarette Smoking and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 1997; 82(11): 3619 - 3624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]