Diabetes Care, Vol 19, Issue 12 1445-1448, Copyright © 1996 by American Diabetes Association

ARTICLES

Retinopathy predicts coronary heart disease events in NIDDM patients

H Miettinen, SM Haffner, S Lehto, T Ronnemaa, K Pyorala and M Laakso
Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio, Finland. miettine@uku.fi

OBJECTIVE: Proliferative retinopathy has been shown to be associated with increased all-cause mortality in diabetic patients. We assessed the relationship between the different degrees of retinopathic changes at baseline and serious coronary heart disease (CHD) events (CHD death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) in a prospective population-based study of NIDDM patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Our study is based on the 7-year follow-up cohort of 1,059 NIDDM patients in east and west Finland. Classification of retinopathic changes was based on clinical examination of fundi, and the findings were classified to three categories according to the status of the worse eye: no retinopathic changes, background retinopathy, and proliferative retinopathy. RESULTS: During the 7-year follow-up, 255 (24%) patients developed serious CHD event. In patients with proliferative retinopathy at baseline, the risk of CHD events during the follow-up was statistically significantly higher compared with patients without retinopathic changes (odds ratio [OR] 2.31, 95% CI 1.21-4.40). The association between proliferative retinopathy and CHD events remained significant when other cardiovascular risk factors were controlled for. CONCLUSIONS: Proliferative retinopathy in NIDDM patients was associated with CHD events. Our findings suggest that retinopathy and CHD may have similar pathophysiological backgrounds.
CiteULike    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				P. D. Reaven, N. Emanuele, T. Moritz, R. Klein, M. Davis, K. Glander, W. Duckworth, C. Abraira, and for the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Is Related to Coronary Artery Calcium in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) Diabetes Care, May 1, 2008; 31(5): 952 - 957. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Cheung, J. J. Wang, S. L. Rogers, F. Brancati, R. Klein, A. R. Sharrett, T. Y. Wong, and for the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities) Diabetic retinopathy and risk of heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 22, 2008; 51(16): 1573 - 1578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Ohno, S. Takamoto, and N. Motomura Diabetic Retinopathy and Coronary Artery Disease From the Cardiac Surgeon's Perspective Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2008; 85(2): 681 - 689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Ohno, S. Takamoto, N. Motomura, M. Ono, J. Ando, T. Morita, H. Fujita, Y. Hirata, R. Nagai, T. Shigeeda, et al. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Versus Coronary Implantation of Sirolimus-Eluting Stents in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 2007; 84(5): 1474 - 1478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. E. Hirai, S. E. Moss, M. D. Knudtson, B. E. K. Klein, and R. Klein Retinopathy and Survival in a Population without Diabetes: The Beaver Dam Eye Study Am. J. Epidemiol., September 15, 2007; 166(6): 724 - 730. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Cheung, J. J. Wang, R. Klein, D. J. Couper, A. R. Sharrett, and T. Y. Wong Diabetic Retinopathy and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Diabetes Care, July 1, 2007; 30(7): 1742 - 1746. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Avogaro, C. Giorda, M. Maggini, E. Mannucci, R. Raschetti, F. Lombardo, S. Spila-Alegiani, S. Turco, M. Velussi, E. Ferrannini, et al. Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Men and Women: Impact of microvascular complications, treatment, and geographic location Diabetes Care, May 1, 2007; 30(5): 1241 - 1247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Juutilainen, S. Lehto, T. Ronnemaa, K. Pyorala, and M. Laakso Retinopathy Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Type 2 Diabetic Men and Women Diabetes Care, February 1, 2007; 30(2): 292 - 299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Ohno, J. Ando, M. Ono, T. Morita, N. Motomura, Y. Hirata, and S. Takamoto The beneficial effect of coronary-artery-bypass surgery on survival in patients with diabetic retinopathy Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., December 1, 2006; 30(6): 881 - 886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Targher, L. Bertolini, R. Tessari, L. Zenari, and G. Arcaro Retinopathy Predicts Future Cardiovascular Events Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients: The Valpolicella Heart Diabetes Study Diabetes Care, May 1, 2006; 29(5): 1178 - 1178. [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Ono, T. Ohashi, T. Asakura, N. Ono, M. Ono, N. Motomura, and S. Takamoto Impact of Diabetic Retinopathy on Cardiac Outcome After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: Prospective Observational Study Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2006; 81(2): 608 - 612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. V. van Hecke, J. M. Dekker, C. D.A. Stehouwer, B. C.P. Polak, J. H. Fuller, A. K. Sjolie, A. Kofinis, R. Rottiers, M. Porta, and N. Chaturvedi Diabetic Retinopathy Is Associated With Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence: The EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study Diabetes Care, June 1, 2005; 28(6): 1383 - 1389. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Ferrannini Insulin Resistance versus Insulin Deficiency in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Problems and Prospects Endocr. Rev., August 1, 1998; 19(4): 477 - 490. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]