Diabetes Care, Vol 21, Issue 5 777-781, Copyright © 1998 by American Diabetes Association
Use of the therapeutic footwear benefit among diabetic medicare beneficiaries in three states, 1995
JR Sugarman, GE Reiber, G Baumgardner, CM Prela and J Lowery
PRO-West, Seattle, WA 98133-9075, USA. wapro.jsugarma@sdps.org
OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which Medicare provided reimbursement
for therapeutic footwear to diabetic Medicare beneficiaries in Washington,
Alaska, and Idaho in 1995. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using inpatient,
outpatient, and durable medical equipment claims data, we selected a cohort
of diabetic Medicare beneficiaries. Therapeutic footwear claims were
identified using a set of billing codes intended only for the diabetes
footwear benefit. People at "high risk" or "possibly increased risk" for
foot problems who might benefit from therapeutic footwear were identified
using a combination of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth
Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnostic codes in any of the
databases. RESULTS: Among 608,804 beneficiaries, 10.2% (62,170) met the
inclusion criteria for diabetes. Of the diabetic beneficiaries, 13.0%
(8,079) had at least one "high risk" diagnosis, and 14.0% (8,686) had at
least one "possibly increased risk" diagnosis. The percentage of diabetic
beneficiaries with therapeutic footwear claims was 2.9% among those with
diagnoses high risk, 0.7% among those with diagnoses indicating possibly
increased risk, and 0.1% among those with no diagnosis from the list.
Altogether, only 0.6% of beneficiaries meeting the diabetes case
ascertainment criteria had a therapeutic footwear claim in 1995.
CONCLUSIONS: Few diabetic Medicare beneficiaries in Washington, Alaska, and
Idaho had claims for reimbursement for therapeutic footwear in 1995. The
low utilization of the footwear benefit may represent an important
opportunity to improve care for Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes.
Further work should be done to characterize the use of the benefit in other
regions and to assess whether the low level of usage reflects
underutilization.