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Diabetes Care, Vol 21, Issue 7 1037-1043, Copyright © 1998 by American Diabetes Association
Application of a diabetes managed care program. The feasibility of using nurses and a computer system to provide effective care
AL Peters and MB Davidson
Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine 90095, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Treatment of patients with diabetes often falls short of
recommended process and outcome guidelines. To improve the quality of the
provided diabetes care, a program (the Comprehensive Diabetes Care Service
[CDCS]) using a computerizing tracking and recall system in conjunction
with nurses following protocols was implemented in a managed care setting.
The impact of this program was studied and compared to the care provided to
patients in another managed care setting. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:
Patients followed in the CDCS who completed a diabetes education course
were compared with patients followed in a group model health maintenance
organization (GMH) who also completed a diabetes education course. CDCS
patients received routine care in the program. GMH patients came to the
CDCS yearly to have a diabetes evaluation. A chart review was also
performed on their GMH outpatient records. RESULTS: Initial HbA1c levels
were higher in the CDCS group than in the GMH group (median of 11.9 vs.
10.0%). In the CDCS patients, HbA1c levels not only fell significantly but
were also significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in the GMH patients during
the 2nd and 3rd year of follow-up care. There were no significant changes
in HbA1c levels in the GMH patients. When CDCS patients were divided into
compliant and noncompliant patients, the median HbA1c levels in compliant
patients was 8.2%, compared with 11.5% in the noncompliant group. The CDCS
patients who needed treatment for hypercholesterolemia were more likely to
have a lowering of their cholesterol levels than the GMH patients. All
process measures, such as yearly measurement of HbA1c levels, lipid levels,
and foot and retinal exams, occurred much more frequently in the CDCS
patients. CONCLUSIONS: The system developed and implemented for managing
diabetes improved both outcome and process measures. The comparison group,
followed at another managed care setting, received the care consistent with
the average (suboptimal) quality of care provided to patients with diabetes
in the U.S. Therefore, by using innovative systems of management, the
treatment of patients with diabetes can be greatly improved.

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Copyright © 1998 by the American Diabetes Association.
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