Diabetes Care, Vol 22, Issue 10 1698-1702, Copyright © 1999 by American Diabetes Association

ARTICLES

Perinatal risk factors for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe. The EURODIAB Substudy 2 Study Group

GG Dahlquist, C Patterson and G Soltesz
Department of Pediatrics, Umea University Hospital, Sweden. gisela.dahlquist@pediatri.umu.se

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether perinatal factors are associated with the development of childhood type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied hospital records from 892 cases of childhood type 1 diabetes compared with 2,291 population-based control subjects in seven study centers in Europe. RESULTS: In a pooled analysis incorporating stratification by center, we confirmed the previous findings that older maternal age, maternal preeclampsia, neonatal respiratory disease, and jaundice caused by blood group incompatibility are significant risk factors for type 1 diabetes, whereas being a firstborn child, having a low birth weight, or having a short birth length were protective. Cesarean section delivery and neonatal infectious diseases were not significantly associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes in this study. The strongest association was found for blood group incompatibility (AB0 and Rh factor) with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.96 (95% CI 1.88-4.65). AB0 incompatibility (OR = 3.92) was a more common and also a stronger risk factor than Rh incompatibility (OR = 1.62). The effect of AB0 blood group incompatibility was independent of treatment effects in logistical regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Different perinatal events are associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes. The effect of maternal-child blood group incompatibility is strong and indicates a true effect that must be further explored.
CiteULike    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				L. Uusitalo, M. G Kenward, S. M Virtanen, U. Uusitalo, J. Nevalainen, S. Niinisto, C. Kronberg-Kippila, M.-L. Ovaskainen, L. Marjamaki, O. Simell, et al. Intake of antioxidant vitamins and trace elements during pregnancy and risk of advanced {beta} cell autoimmunity in the child Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2008; 88(2): 458 - 464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. A. Gysemans, A. K. Cardozo, H. Callewaert, A. Giulietti, L. Hulshagen, R. Bouillon, D. L. Eizirik, and C. Mathieu 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Modulates Expression of Chemokines and Cytokines in Pancreatic Islets: Implications for Prevention of Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice Endocrinology, April 1, 2005; 146(4): 1956 - 1964. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Harjutsalo, T. Podar, and J. Tuomilehto Cumulative Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in 10,168 Siblings of Finnish Young-Onset Type 1 Diabetic Patients Diabetes, February 1, 2005; 54(2): 563 - 569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. C. Stene, K. Barriga, J. M. Norris, M. Hoffman, H. A. Erlich, G. S. Eisenbarth, R. S. McDuffie Jr., and M. Rewers Perinatal Factors and Development of Islet Autoimmunity in Early Childhood: The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young Am. J. Epidemiol., July 1, 2004; 160(1): 3 - 10. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. M Virtanen and M. Knip Nutritional risk predictors of {beta} cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes at a young age Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2003; 78(6): 1053 - 1067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Dahlquist and B. Kallen Indications That Phototherapy Is a Risk Factor for Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Diabetes Care, January 1, 2003; 26(1): 247 - 248. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Svensson, B. Carstensen, A. Molbak, B. Christau, H. B. Mortensen, J. Nerup, K. Borch-Johnsen, and the Danish Study Group of Diabetes in Childhood Increased Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in Children Born After 1985 Diabetes Care, December 1, 2002; 25(12): 2197 - 2201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Rapid Early Growth Is Associated With Increased Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in Various European Populations Diabetes Care, October 1, 2002; 25(10): 1755 - 1760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. C. Stene, P. Magnus, K. S. Ronningen, and G. Joner Diabetes-Associated HLA-DQ Genes and Birth Weight Diabetes, December 1, 2001; 50(12): 2879 - 2882. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. C Stene, P. Magnus, R. T Lie, O. Sovik, G. Joner, and the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Study Group Maternal and paternal age at delivery, birth order, and risk of childhood onset type 1 diabetes: population based cohort study BMJ, August 18, 2001; 323(7309): 369 - 369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Byrnes, C C Patterson, G Dahlquist, G Soltesz, A. J Gunn, W. S Cutfield, P. L Hofman, C. Jeferries, L. C. Stene, G. Joner, et al. Maternal age and risk of type 1 diabetes in children BMJ, June 16, 2001; 322(7300): 1489 - 1489. [Full Text]

				L. C Stene, P. Magnus, R. T Lie, O. Søvik, G. Joner, and The Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Study Group Birth weight and childhood onset type 1 diabetes: population based cohort study BMJ, April 14, 2001; 322(7291): 889 - 892. [Abstract] [Full Text]