Diabetes Care
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Klein, B. E.
Right arrow Articles by Moss, S. E.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Klein, B. E.
Right arrow Articles by Moss, S. E.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?

Diabetes Care, Vol 22, Issue 12 1984-1987, Copyright © 1999 by American Diabetes Association

ARTICLES

Exogenous estrogen exposures and changes in diabetic retinopathy. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy

BE Klein, R Klein and SE Moss
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53705-2397, USA. kleinb@epi.ophth.wisc.edu

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the use of exogenous estrogen is associated with changes in the severity of diabetic retinopathy and the incidence of macular edema. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study design involved observation of two well-defined cohorts of women with diabetes. One group was diagnosed with diabetes at < 30 years of age and used insulin (younger-onset group), and the other group was diagnosed at > or = 30 years of age with no criteria regarding therapy (older-onset group). Subjects received standard examinations, medical interviews, and retinal photography in 1980-1982. Specific questions about exogenous hormone exposure were added to the study questionnaire at the first follow-up examination 4 years after the baseline examination. Change in the severity of retinopathy 6 and 10 years after the 4-year follow-up examination were examined regarding the use of oral contraceptives at the first follow-up examination in the younger-onset group and at 6 years after the first follow-up examination regarding hormone replacement therapy in the older-onset group. RESULTS: Changes in the severity of retinopathy and incidence of macular edema were unrelated to either type of estrogen exposure in univariable and multivariable analyses. CONCLUSIONS: These data are compatible with the hypothesis that the medications used by our population do not affect the severity of diabetic retinopathy or macular edema.
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 IOVSHome page
P. K. Nirmalan, J. Katz, A. L. Robin, R. Ramakrishnan, R. Krishnadas, R. D. Thulasiraj, and J. M. Tielsch
Female Reproductive Factors and Eye Disease in a Rural South Indian Population: The Aravind Comprehensive Eye Survey
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 2004; 45(12): 4273 - 4276.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
A J Lee, P Mitchell, E Rochtchina, and P R Healey
Female reproductive factors and open angle glaucoma: the Blue Mountains Eye Study
Br. J. Ophthalmol., November 1, 2003; 87(11): 1324 - 1328.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch OphthalmolHome page
B. E. K. Klein
Reflections on Sex-Related Risk of Eye Disease
Arch Ophthalmol, March 1, 2001; 119(3): 428 - 429.
[Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Diabetes Diabetes Care Clinical Diabetes Diabetes Spectrum
Copyright © 1999 by the American Diabetes Association.