|
Diabetes Care, Vol 23, Issue 1 57-63, Copyright © 2000 by American Diabetes Association
Homeostasis model assessment closely mirrors the glucose clamp technique in the assessment of insulin sensitivity: studies in subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity
E Bonora, G Targher, M Alberiche, RC Bonadonna, F Saggiani, MB Zenere, T Monauni and M Muggeo
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Verona Medical School, Italy. enbonor@tin.it
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) is a
reliable surrogate measure of in vivo insulin sensitivity in humans.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In the present study, we compared insulin
sensitivity as assessed by a 4-h euglycemic (approximately 5 mmol/l)
hyperinsulinemic (approximately 300 pmol/l) clamp with HOMA in 115 subjects
with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. RESULTS:
We found a strong correlation between clamp-measured total glucose disposal
and HOMA-estimated insulin sensitivity (r = -0.820, P<0.0001), with no
substantial differences between men (r = -0.800) and women (r = -0.796),
younger (aged <50 years, r = -0.832) and older (r = -0.800) subjects,
nonobese (BMI <27 kg/m2, r = -0.800) and obese (r = -0.765) subjects,
nondiabetic (r = -0.754) and diabetic (r = -0.695) subjects, and
normotensive ( r = -0.786) and hypertensive (r = -0.762) subjects. Also, we
found good agreement between the two methods in the categorization of
subjects according to insulin sensitivity (weighted k = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS:
We conclude that the HOMA can be reliably used in large-scale or
epidemiological studies in which only a fasting blood sample is available
to assess insulin sensitivity

CiteULike Del.icio.us Digg Reddit Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. M Title, E. Lonn, F. Charbonneau, M. Fung, K. J Mather, S. Verma, and T. J Anderson
Relationship between brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation, hyperemic shear stress, and the metabolic syndrome
Vascular Medicine,
November 1, 2008;
13(4):
263 - 270.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Cacho, J. Sevillano, J. de Castro, E. Herrera, and M. P. Ramos
Validation of simple indexes to assess insulin sensitivity during pregnancy in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,
November 1, 2008;
295(5):
E1269 - E1276.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C.-N. Chen, L.-M. Chuang, and Y.-T. Wu
Clinical Measures of Physical Fitness Predict Insulin Resistance in People at Risk for Diabetes
Physical Therapy,
November 1, 2008;
88(11):
1355 - 1364.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. A. Fowler, C. D. Champagne, D. S. Houser, and D. E. Crocker
Hormonal regulation of glucose clearance in lactating northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris)
J. Exp. Biol.,
September 15, 2008;
211(18):
2943 - 2949.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Rigazio, H.-R. Lehto, H. Tuunanen, K. Nagren, M. Kankaanpaa, C. Simi, R. Borra, A. G. Naum, R. Parkkola, J. Knuuti, et al.
The lowering of hepatic fatty acid uptake improves liver function and insulin sensitivity without affecting hepatic fat content in humans
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,
August 1, 2008;
295(2):
E413 - E419.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. L. Pande, T. S. Perlstein, J. A. Beckman, and M. A. Creager
Association of Insulin Resistance and Inflammation With Peripheral Arterial Disease: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2004
Circulation,
July 1, 2008;
118(1):
33 - 41.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Beauregard, A. L. Utz, A. E. Schaub, L. Nachtigall, B. M. K. Biller, K. K. Miller, and A. Klibanski
Growth Hormone Decreases Visceral Fat and Improves Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Women with Hypopituitarism: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
June 1, 2008;
93(6):
2063 - 2071.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Arner, B. M. Stenson, E. Dungner, E. Naslund, J. Hoffstedt, M. Ryden, and I. Dahlman
Expression of Six Transmembrane Protein of Prostate 2 in Human Adipose Tissue Associates with Adiposity and Insulin Resistance
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
June 1, 2008;
93(6):
2249 - 2254.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S Kechagias, A Ernersson, O Dahlqvist, P Lundberg, T Lindstrom, F H Nystrom, and for the Fast Food Study Group
Fast-food-based hyper-alimentation can induce rapid and profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy subjects
Gut,
May 1, 2008;
57(5):
649 - 654.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L.-S. Tam, B. Tomlinson, T. T.-W. Chu, M. Li, Y.-Y. Leung, L.-W. Kwok, T. K. Li, T. Yu, Y.-E. Zhu, K.-C. Wong, et al.
Cardiovascular risk profile of patients with psoriatic arthritis compared to controls--the role of inflammation
Rheumatology,
May 1, 2008;
47(5):
718 - 723.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. Schwartz, D. R. Jacobs Jr., A. Moran, J. Steinberger, C.-P. Hong, and A. R. Sinaiko
Measurement of Insulin Sensitivity in Children: Comparison between the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and surrogate measures
Diabetes Care,
April 1, 2008;
31(4):
783 - 788.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Biolo, M. Stulle, F. Bianco, G. Mengozzi, R. Barazzoni, A. Vasile, G. Panzetta, and G. Guarnieri
Insulin action on glucose and protein metabolism during L-carnitine supplementation in maintenance haemodialysis patients
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.,
March 1, 2008;
23(3):
991 - 997.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Musso, R. Gambino, S. Bo, B. Uberti, G. Biroli, G. Pagano, and M. Cassader
Should Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Be Included in the Definition of Metabolic Syndrome?: A cross-sectional comparison with Adult Treatment Panel III criteria in nonobese nondiabetic subjects
Diabetes Care,
March 1, 2008;
31(3):
562 - 568.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. K. Rutter, P. W.F. Wilson, L. M. Sullivan, C. S. Fox, R. B. D'Agostino Sr, and J. B. Meigs
Use of Alternative Thresholds Defining Insulin Resistance to Predict Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease
Circulation,
February 26, 2008;
117(8):
1003 - 1009.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Sanchez, T. Priego, M. Palou, A. Tobaruela, A. Palou, and C. Pico
Oral Supplementation with Physiological Doses of Leptin During Lactation in Rats Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Affects Food Preferences Later in Life
Endocrinology,
February 1, 2008;
149(2):
733 - 740.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Lee, R. Muniyappa, X. Yan, H. Chen, L. Q. Yue, E.-G. Hong, J. K. Kim, and M. J. Quon
Comparison between surrogate indexes of insulin sensitivity and resistance and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp estimates in mice
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,
February 1, 2008;
294(2):
E261 - E270.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. H. Emmelot-Vonk, H. J. J. Verhaar, H. R. Nakhai Pour, A. Aleman, T. M. T. W. Lock, J. L. H. R. Bosch, D. E. Grobbee, and Y. T. van der Schouw
Effect of Testosterone Supplementation on Functional Mobility, Cognition, and Other Parameters in Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial
JAMA,
January 2, 2008;
299(1):
39 - 52.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Tsang, R. Orr, P. Lam, E. Comino, and M. F. Singh
Effects of Tai Chi on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomised double-blind sham-exercise-controlled trial
Age Ageing,
January 1, 2008;
37(1):
64 - 71.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Muniyappa, S. Lee, H. Chen, and M. J. Quon
Current approaches for assessing insulin sensitivity and resistance in vivo: advantages, limitations, and appropriate usage
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,
January 1, 2008;
294(1):
E15 - E26.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Lommerse, R. Aardenburg, A. Houben, and L. L. Peeters
Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation in Formerly Preeclamptic Women Correlates Inversely With Body Mass Index and Varies Independently of Plasma Volume
Reproductive Sciences,
December 1, 2007;
14(8):
765 - 770.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. D West, D. J Nicoll, T. M Wallace, D. R Matthews, and J. R Stradling
Effect of CPAP on insulin resistance and HbA1c in men with obstructive sleep apnoea and type 2 diabetes
Thorax,
November 1, 2007;
62(11):
969 - 974.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Q. Zhang, L. L. Ji, D. L. Fogt, and V. S. Fretwell
Effect of exercise duration on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in men with metabolic syndrome
J Appl Physiol,
October 1, 2007;
103(4):
1339 - 1345.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. W. Lee, G. H. Park, S. W. Lee, J. H. Song, K. C. Hong, and M.-J. Kim
Insulin resistance and muscle wasting in non-diabetic end-stage renal disease patients
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.,
September 1, 2007;
22(9):
2554 - 2562.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Gilliam-Davis, V. S. Payne, S. O. Kasper, E. N. Tommasi, M. E. Robbins, and D. I. Diz
Long-term AT1 receptor blockade improves metabolic function and provides renoprotection in Fischer-344 rats
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,
September 1, 2007;
293(3):
H1327 - H1333.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Valenti, E. A. Pulixi, P. Arosio, L. Cremonesi, G. Biasiotto, P. Dongiovanni, M. Maggioni, S. Fargion, and A. L. Fracanzani
Relative contribution of iron genes, dysmetabolism and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the pathogenesis of altered iron regulation in HCV chronic hepatitis
Haematologica,
August 1, 2007;
92(8):
1037 - 1042.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y. Chang, S. Ryu, E. Sung, and Y. Jang
Reply to Alanine Aminotransferase as an Independent Predictor of Incident Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Clin. Chem.,
June 1, 2007;
53(6):
1159 - 1161.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Jeppesen, T. W. Hansen, S. Rasmussen, H. Ibsen, C. Torp-Pedersen, and S. Madsbad
Insulin Resistance, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Population-Based Study
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
May 29, 2007;
49(21):
2112 - 2119.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Maggio, F. Lauretani, G. P. Ceda, S. Bandinelli, S. Basaria, G. Paolisso, A. Ble, J. M. Egan, E. J. Metter, A. M. Abbatecola, et al.
Association of hormonal dysregulation with metabolic syndrome in older women: data from the InCHIANTI study
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,
January 1, 2007;
292(1):
E353 - E358.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Zhang, R. Niaura, J. R. Dyer, B.-J. Shen, J. F. Todaro, J. M. McCaffery, A. Spiro III, and K. D. Ward
Hostility and Urine Norepinephrine Interact to Predict Insulin Resistance: The VA Normative Aging Study.
Psychosom Med,
September 1, 2006;
68(5):
718 - 726.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. A M Zandbergen, S. W J Lamberts, J. A M J L Janssen, and A. H Bootsma
Short-term administration of an angiotensin-receptor antagonist in patients with impaired fasting glucose improves insulin sensitivity and increases free IGF-I.
Eur. J. Endocrinol.,
August 1, 2006;
155(2):
293 - 296.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Atmaca, F. Tanriverdi, K. Unluhizarci, F. Bayram, and F. Kelestimur
Investigation of adrenal functions in patients with idiopathic hyperandrogenemia.
Eur. J. Endocrinol.,
August 1, 2006;
155(2):
307 - 311.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. M. Abbatecola, M. R. Rizzo, M. Barbieri, R. Grella, A. Arciello, M. T. Laieta, R. Acampora, N. Passariello, F. Cacciapuoti, and G. Paolisso
Postprandial plasma glucose excursions and cognitive functioning in aged type 2 diabetics.
Neurology,
July 25, 2006;
67(2):
235 - 240.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. A. Maddux, A. Chan, L. J. Mandarino, I. D. Goldfine, and E. A. De Filippis
IGF-Binding Protein-1 Levels Are Related to Insulin-Mediated Glucose Disposal and Are a Potential Serum Marker of Insulin Resistance
Diabetes Care,
July 1, 2006;
29(7):
1535 - 1537.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Paul-Labrador, D. Polk, J. H. Dwyer, I. Velasquez, S. Nidich, M. Rainforth, R. Schneider, and C. N. B. Merz
Effects of a randomized controlled trial of transcendental meditation on components of the metabolic syndrome in subjects with coronary heart disease.
Arch Intern Med,
June 12, 2006;
166(11):
1218 - 1224.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D Kapoor, E Goodwin, K S Channer, and T H Jones
Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes.
Eur. J. Endocrinol.,
June 1, 2006;
154(6):
899 - 906.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. Dahlman, M. Forsgren, A. Sjogren, E. A. Nordstrom, M. Kaaman, E. Naslund, A. Attersand, and P. Arner
Downregulation of Electron Transport Chain Genes in Visceral Adipose Tissue in Type 2 Diabetes Independent of Obesity and Possibly Involving Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}
Diabetes,
June 1, 2006;
55(6):
1792 - 1799.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. A. Abdul-Ghani, D. Tripathy, and R. A. DeFronzo
Contributions of {beta}-Cell Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance to the Pathogenesis of Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Impaired Fasting Glucose
Diabetes Care,
May 1, 2006;
29(5):
1130 - 1139.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. M. Chang, M. J. Smith, C. J. Bloem, A. T. Galecki, J. B. Halter, and M. A. Supiano
Limitation of the Homeostasis Model Assessment to Predict Insulin Resistance and {beta}-Cell Dysfunction in Older People
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
February 1, 2006;
91(2):
629 - 634.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Gubern, A. Lopez-Bermejo, J. Biarnes, J. Vendrell, W. Ricart, and J. M. Fernandez-Real
Natural Antibiotics and Insulin Sensitivity: The Role of Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein
Diabetes,
January 1, 2006;
55(1):
216 - 224.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Tang, J. Glanville, C. J. Hayden, D. White, J. H. Barth, and A. H. Balen
Combined lifestyle modification and metformin in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicentre study
Hum. Reprod.,
January 1, 2006;
21(1):
80 - 89.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Targher, L. Bertolini, R. Padovani, G. Zoppini, L. Zenari, and G. Falezza
Letter to the Editor: Associations Between Liver Histology and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.,
December 1, 2005;
25(12):
2687 - 2688.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. G. Regensteiner, T. A. Bauer, and J. E.B. Reusch
Rosiglitazone Improves Exercise Capacity in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care,
December 1, 2005;
28(12):
2877 - 2883.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. K. Rutter, J. B. Meigs, L. M. Sullivan, R. B. D'Agostino Sr, and P. W. Wilson
Insulin Resistance, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Incident Cardiovascular Events in the Framingham Offspring Study
Diabetes,
November 1, 2005;
54(11):
3252 - 3257.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. M. Abbatecola, L. Ferrucci, G. Ceda, C. R. Russo, F. Lauretani, S. Bandinelli, M. Barbieri, G. Valenti, and G. Paolisso
Insulin Resistance and Muscle Strength in Older Persons
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.,
October 1, 2005;
60(10):
1278 - 1282.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. J. Novoa, M. Boronat, P. Saavedra, J. M. Diaz-Cremades, V. F. Varillas, F. La Roche, M. P. Alberiche, and A. Carrillo
Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Insulin Resistance, and Insulin Secretion in Individuals With Normal Glucose Tolerance and in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Regulation: The Telde Study
Diabetes Care,
October 1, 2005;
28(10):
2388 - 2393.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. H. Saely, S. Aczel, T. Marte, P. Langer, G. Hoefle, and H. Drexel
The Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
October 1, 2005;
90(10):
5698 - 5703.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M Jarfelt, B Lannering, I Bosaeus, G Johannsson, and R Bjarnason
Body composition in young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Eur. J. Endocrinol.,
July 1, 2005;
153(1):
81 - 89.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L Fartoux, A Poujol-Robert, J Guechot, D Wendum, R Poupon, and L Serfaty
Insulin resistance is a cause of steatosis and fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C
Gut,
July 1, 2005;
54(7):
1003 - 1008.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Ehtisham, N. Crabtree, P. Clark, N. Shaw, and T. Barrett
Ethnic Differences in Insulin Resistance and Body Composition in United Kingdom Adolescents
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
July 1, 2005;
90(7):
3963 - 3969.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Chen, G. Sullivan, and M. J. Quon
Assessing the Predictive Accuracy of QUICKI as a Surrogate Index for Insulin Sensitivity Using a Calibration Model
Diabetes,
July 1, 2005;
54(7):
1914 - 1925.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. O. Prada, M. S. Coelho, H. G. Zecchin, M. S. Dolnikoff, A. L. Gasparetti, L. N. S. Furukawa, M. J. A. Saad, and J. C. Heimann
Low salt intake modulates insulin signaling, JNK activity and IRS-1ser307 phosphorylation in rat tissues
J. Endocrinol.,
June 1, 2005;
185(3):
429 - 437.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. M. Behall, D. J. Scholfield, and J. Hallfrisch
Comparison of Hormone and Glucose Responses of Overweight Women to Barley and Oats
J. Am. Coll. Nutr.,
June 1, 2005;
24(3):
182 - 188.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. H. Canani, C. Capp, J. M. Dora, E. L. S. Meyer, M. S. Wagner, J. W. Harney, P. R. Larsen, J. L. Gross, A. C. Bianco, and A. L. Maia
The Type 2 Deiodinase A/G (Thr92Ala) Polymorphism Is Associated with Decreased Enzyme Velocity and Increased Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
June 1, 2005;
90(6):
3472 - 3478.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E.C. Tok, A. Aktas, D. Ertunc, E.M. Erdal, and S. Dilek
Evaluation of glucose metabolism and reproductive hormones in polycystic ovary syndrome on the basis of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-{gamma}2 Pro12Ala genotype
Hum. Reprod.,
June 1, 2005;
20(6):
1590 - 1595.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Otake, H. Takeda, Y. S | |