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Presence of Diabetes Risk Factors in a Large U.S. Eighth-Grade Cohort

From the George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Rockville, Maryland

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Kathryn Hirst, PhD, George Washington University Biostatistics Center, 6110 Executive Blvd., Suite 750, Rockville, MD 20852. E-mail: khirst{at}biostat.bsc.gwu.edu

OBJECTIVE—The study was conducted in 12 middle schools to determine the prevalence of diabetes, pre-diabetes, and diabetes risk factors in eighth-grade students who were predominantly minority and evaluate the feasibility of collecting physical and laboratory data in schools.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Anthropometric measurements and fasting and 2-h post-glucose load blood draws were obtained from 1,740 eighth-grade students.

RESULTS—Mean recruitment rate was 50% per school, 49% had BMI 85th percentile, 40.5% had fasting glucose 100 mg/dl, 0.4% had fasting glucose 126 mg/dl, and 2.0% had 2-h glucose 140 mg/dl and 0.1% 200 mg/dl. Mean fasting insulin value was 30.1 µU/ml, 36.2% had fasting insulin 30 µU/ml, and 2-h mean insulin was 102.1 µU/ml. Fasting and 2-h glucose and insulin values increased across BMI percentiles, and fasting glucose was highest in Hispanic and Native American students.

CONCLUSIONS—There was a high prevalence of risk factors for diabetes, including impaired fasting glucose (100 mg/dl), hyperinsulinism suggestive of insulin resistance (fasting insulin 30 µU/ml), and BMI 85th percentile. These data suggest that middle schools are appropriate targets for population-based efforts to decrease overweight and diabetes risk.

Abbreviations: IFG, impaired fasting glucose • IGT, impaired glucose tolerance • NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey • STOPP-T2D, Studies to Treat Or Prevent Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes

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