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Clustering of Multiple Healthy Lifestyle Habits and Health-Related Quality of Life Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes

From the Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Chaoyang Li, MD, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy., MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341. E-mail: cli{at}cdc.gov

OBJECTIVE— We sought to examine the association between clustering of multiple healthy lifestyle habits (HLHs) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among adults with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— We analyzed the representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population aged 18 years with diabetes using data from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 16,428). Four HRQOL measures were general health rating, physically unhealthy days, mentally unhealthy days, and impaired activity days. Three HLHs included not smoking, engaging in adequate leisure time physical activity, and consuming five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day.

RESULTS— The proportion of having 0, 1, 2, and 3 HLHs was 10.5, 44.7, 32.9, and 11.9%, respectively. The age-adjusted prevalence rates of poor or fair health, 14 physically unhealthy days, 14 mentally unhealthy days, and 14 impaired activity days were 43.07, 27.61, 17.22, and 18.87%, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders and comparison with none of the three HLHs, people with all three HLHs were less likely to report poor or fair health (adjusted odds ratio 0.49 [95% CI 0.33–0.71]), 14 physically unhealthy days (0.56 [0.39–0.80]), 14 mentally unhealthy days (0.35 [0.23–0.55]), or 14 impaired activity days (0.35 [0.23–0.56]).

CONCLUSIONS— Accumulation of multiple HLHs was significantly associated with better HRQOL among people with diabetes.

Abbreviations: BRFSS, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System • CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention • FVC5, consuming five or more fruits or vegetables daily • HLH, healthy lifestyle habit • HRQOL, health-related quality of life • LTPA, leisure time physical activity • NSMK, not smoking • SF-36, 36-item short-form survey

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