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Beneficial Effects of Combined Treatment With Rosiglitazone and Exercise on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

¹ 1st Propedeutic Department Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
² Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
³ Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁴ Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Nikolaos P.E. Kadoglou, 124 Vosporou St., 54454 Thessaloniki, Greece. E-mail: nikoskad@yahoo.com

Abbreviations: HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance • IL, interleukin • TNF, tumor necrosis factor

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

	INTRODUCTION

 
Physical activity attenuates metabolic and cardiovascular maladaptations in diabetes by improving glycemic control, insulin resistance, cardiorespiratory fitness, and adipocytokines levels (adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-, and interleukin [IL]-6) (1,2). Likewise, thiazolidinediones favorably influence the above indexes (3,4). We hypothesized that the combination of exercise training and rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, would confer additional benefits in the metabolic and cardiovascular profiles of diabetic patients, exceeding those of each treatment alone.

	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—

 
A total of 100 Caucasian, overweight/obese (BMI> 25 kg/m²) patients with type 2 diabetes consented to participate. They were treated with half-maximal doses of metformin (1,700 mg) and gliclazide (180 mg) for at least 6 months, with poor glycemic control eventually occurring (A1C > 7%). Smokers and patients receiving lipid-lowering medications, insulin, or thiazolidinediones were rejected. Those with vascular complications, life-threatening diseases, orthopedic problems, and heart, liver, or renal impairment were also excluded. After baseline examination, participants were randomized to one of the following age- and sex-matched groups: 1) the control group (n = 25); 2) the exercise group (n = 25), who underwent 8 months’ exercise training; 3) the rosiglitazone group (n = 25), who had adjunctive therapy with 8 mg/day rosiglitazone; and 4) the rosiglitazone plus exercise (RSG + EX) group (n = 25), who participated in the 8-month exercise program (as in the exercise group) while simultaneously receiving treatment with 8 mg/day rosiglitazone.

The prescription of the exercise program was based on initial ergocycle testing results. Afterward, its workload was gradually increased until patients achieved 50–80% VO_2max during 45–60 min sessions four times a week (5). After the . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Laboratory and clinical measurements
Statistical analysis

	RESULTS

 
Interventions effects
Adipocytokines

	CONCLUSIONS—

 

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