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Published online April 28, 2008
Diabetes Care 31:1568-1573, 2008
DOI: 10.2337/dc08-0297
© 2008 by the American Diabetes Association
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Epidemiology/Health Services Research
Original Research

Dietary Patterns and A1C in Japanese Men and Women

Akiko Nanri, MSC1, Tetsuya Mizoue, MD, PHD2, Daigo Yoshida, MSC1, Ryota Takahashi, MD3 and Ryoichi Takayanagi, MD, PHD4

1 Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
2 Department of Epidemiology and International Health, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
3 Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, Japan
4 Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Corresponding author: Akiko Nanri, nanri{at}ri.imcj.go.jp

OBJECTIVE—Dietary patterns in Western populations have been linked to type 2 diabetes, but the role of diet in Japanese remains unclear. We investigated the association between major dietary patterns and glucose tolerance status as measured by A1C in Japanese adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The groups of subjects were comprised of 3,243 men and 4,667 women who participated in the baseline survey of an ongoing cohort study on lifestyle-related diseases in Fukuoka, Japan. Dietary patterns were derived by using principal-component analysis of the consumption of 49 food items, ascertained by a food-frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate sex-specific odds ratios (ORs) of elevated A1C (≥5.5%), with adjustment for potential confounding variables.

RESULTS—The Westernized breakfast pattern characterized by frequent intake of bread but infrequent intake of rice was inversely related to A1C concentrations (Ptrend = 0.02 in both men and women); the multivariate-adjusted ORs for the highest versus lowest quintiles were 0.60 (95% CI 0.43–0.84) and 0.64 (0.46–0.90) for men and women, respectively. The seafood dietary pattern was positively associated with A1C concentrations in men only (Ptrend = 0.01). Neither the healthy nor high-fat dietary pattern was related to A1C.

CONCLUSIONS—A dietary pattern featuring frequent intake of white rice may deteriorate glucose metabolism in Japanese men and women, and the salty seafood dietary pattern may have a similar effect in men.


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