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Effect of supervised progressive resistance exercise training protocol on insulin sensitivity, glycemia, lipids and body composition in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes

¹Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Fortis Flt. Lt. Rajan Dhall Hospital, New Delhi, India
²Department of Internal Medicine
³Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
⁴Physiotherapy and
⁵Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

anoopmisra{at}metabolicresearchindia.com

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the effect of supervised progressive resistance exercise training (PRT) protocol on insulin sensitivity, glycemia [blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels], lipids and body composition in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Research Design and Methods: Thirty patients with T2DM underwent 12 w PRT of six muscle groups (2 sets, 10 repetitions). The subjects were evaluated with Short Insulin Tolerance Test (for assessment of insulin sensitivity, K_ITT), fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), detailed anthropometry, total body fat, regional fat and lean body mass by Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, cross-sectional skeletal muscle area of upper arm and thigh by computed tomography scan.

Results: Insulin sensitivity improved significantly from K_ITT 1.22 ± 0.73to K_ITT 2.13 ± 0.75 (p<0.0001), after the intervention. Significant decline (mean difference ± SD) from the baseline was recorded in the levels of following parameters; HbA1c (0.54 ± 0.4%, p<0.001), fasting blood glucose (2.7 ± 2.2 mmol/L, p<0.001), total cholesterol (0.39 ± 0.7 mmol/L, p=0.003), serum triglycerides (0.39 ± 0.5 mmol/L, p<0.001), truncal and peripheral subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments (SCAT) (p<0.001). However, no significant changes were noticed in body mass index, total body fat, truncal fat, lean body mass and cross-sectional skeletal muscle area of the extremities and hsCRP levels.

Conclusions: Moderate-intensity PRT for 3 m resulted in significant improvement in insulin sensitivity, glycemia, lipids and truncal and peripheral SCAT in patients with T2DM. Resistance training should be an integral part of exercise regimen in Asian Indians with T2DM.Prospective epidemiological studies across several populations have indicated that insulin resistance is the central feature of the metabolic syndrome and the primary defect in development of T2DM. It often antedates diabetes by several years. Additionally, insulin resistance is also reported to be a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease.

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